BWH/PanFab Mk 1 Face Shield
Emergency Face Shield
If interested in making or procuring PanFab Face Shields, please see information on this page.
Due to supply chain disruption, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused severe shortages in personal protective equipment (PPE) for health care professionals. We partnered with Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) to develop a 3D printed face shield based on the Prusa design, modified it based on clinician input and validated it's use in the BWH Emergency Department.
The summary of this design and its clinical testing is available as a preprint article. Design also available at NIH 3D Print Exchange.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
We thank BoroBot, iRobot and Velcro, in addition to the Harvard Graduate School of Design, Salesforce, the Shin Laboratory at the Brigham and Women's Hospital's Stepping Strong Foundation for Trauma Innovation, and the Wentworth Institute of Technology for generously lending their design expertise and manufacturing capabilities for the production of the BWH/PanFab Mk 1 Face Shield.
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Description
This emergency face shield consists of five (5) components: the headband, the bottom support, the transparent visor , and a foam pad for comfort.
Figure 1: A) Headband CAD image B) final face shield prototype C) headband, foam pad, and hook and loop strap image with dimensions D) headband, visor, and bottom bracket image with dimensions.
This design is a remix of the Prusa design and aims to:
provide a transparent face shield that limits aerosol and splatter exposure from in front and above
Provide ear-to-ear protection without obstructing hearing, nor access to ears with a stethoscope
features top ventilation to prevent fogging
be re-usable for a single user following appropriate decontamination
be comfortable enough to be worn all day by healthcare workers
PREPRINT
DOWNLOAD THIS DESIGN - 3D design
DOWNLOAD THIS DESIGN - Injection-molding compatible design
Manufacturing Instructions
Bill of Materials
The headband - 3D printed
Part Name: "PanFab-FaceShield-Headband.stl"
PLA preferred, other recommended materials PETG, Nylon, PEI
Bottom bracket - 3D printed
Part Name: "PanFab-FaceShield-Headband-Bottom_reinforcement.stl"
PLA preferred, other recommended materials PETG, Nylon, PEI
Transparent visor - can be either laser-cut or rotary die cut
Part Name: "PanFab-FaceShield-Transparent Shield.dxf"
PET, BoPET (Mylar) and PETG are preferred, PMMA can be accepted as an alternative
Thickness between 0.2-0.7mm is preferred
Foam for comfort - cab be either laser-cut, or cut to length directly from a foam tape
If using a foam tape
~20mm wide, ~6mm thick adhesive-backed foam tape is recommended, cut 190mm long
Preferred material: EVA or closed cell neoprene foam. Polyurethane foam as an alternative
If laser-cut
Part Name: "PanFab-FaceShield-HeadBuffer Foam.dxf"
Preferred material: EVA or closed cell neoprene foam. Polyurethane foam as an alternative
Thickness: ~6mm
Hook and loop strap:
0.5 or 0.75 inch wide hook and loop strap recommended, cut to 330 mm in length
3D printing of the head-band and the bottom bracket.
The following settings are recommended to 3D-print the head band and the bottom bracket. These settings were optimized for fused filament fabrication (FFF) on an Ender 3 Pro (Creality), and should be adjusted depending on the 3D printer used.
Print materials: PLA
Print speed: 90mm/s
Layer height: 0.2mm
Infill: 15%
Infill pattern: Gyroid
Shell->3 perimeters,1.2mm, 3 lines
Top/bottom fill parameters: 0.8mm 2 layers
Temperature: Printer - 185-200C, Bed - 60-70C
Laser cutting of the transparent visor and the foam pad.
The following settings are recommended to laser cut the transparent visor and the foam pad. These settings were optimized on a GlowForge and GlowForge Pro and should be adjusted depending on the laser cutter used.
Transparent visor
Material: BoPET
Thickness: 0.007 in
1 Pass
Speed setting: 500
40% power
Focus height: 0.178mm
Foam pad
Material: EVA
Thickness: 6mm
1 Pass
Speed setting: 155
30% power
Focus height: 6.13mm
Assembly Instructions
Figure 2: A) Individual component of the shields B) installation of the foam pad on the headband. C-E) hook and loop strap attachment on the headband F-G) Visor installation. H) Bottom bracket installation. I) Assembled face shield.
Preparatory steps
Disinfect your workplace and practice hand hygiene.
Don a pair of clean gloves
Prepare a box or a large bag that will be used for transportation of the finished prints.
In this box or large bag, prepare an additional hermetic plastic bag (poly-ethylene bag preferred) that will be used to “double-bag” the printed parts. The parts should be batched in groups of 20-50.
On the attached “FACE SHIELD LABEL AND ASSOCIATED WARNINGS” fill the “Manufacturer Information” section.
In each batch, place the “FACE SHIELD LABEL AND ASSOCIATED WARNING” and “INSTRUCTIONS OF USE” documentation.
Assembly Instructions
Disinfect your workplace and your hands.
Don a pair of clean gloves
Visually inspect laser cut and 3d printed parts, look for possible printing or cutting errors.
Attach the foam pad to the inner band of the headband using super glue (fig 2b)
Secure the hook and loop straps onto the headband by passing the straps inside the hole at the posterior side of the headband, and attaching it onto itself. In order to prevent hairs from being stuck onto the straps while wearing the face shield, make sure to keep the loop side of the hook and loop towards the center of the headband. (fig 2c-e)
Secure one of the outer hole of the visor onto the corresponding outer peg on the headband (fig 2f)
Pull the visor across the headband so that each visor hole is aligned with the corresponding peg of the headband.
For the final visor hole/headband peg, some additional force might be required to pull the visor over the peg, the visor will then snap itself in place on the headband. (fig 2g)
Align the pegs of the bottom brackets with the corresponding holes of the bottom parts of the visor. Push the pegs in place. (fig 2h)
Clean the face shield following recommendation steps below
Donning and Doffing
Follow CDC guidelines for how to don and doff a face-shield.
Donning - https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/hcp/ppe-training/n95respirator_coveralls/donning_01.html
Doffing - https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/hcp/ppe-training/n95respirator_coveralls/doffing_08.html
Recommended cleaning methods
Warning: the following instructions are recommendations on how to clean the face-shield. Hospitals and other medical workplaces should follow their institution’s OHSA guidelines. A test on a single shield is recommended to verify possible damage of the sterilization.
The list of EPA-registered hospital disinfectant solutions recommended for COVID-19 is available at https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-registration/list-n-disinfectants-use-against-sars-cov-2. The following list of disinfectants was used on the face-shield and didn’t cause any apparent damage. Other disinfectants may work as well but have not been evaluated.
Super Sani-Cloth
Isopropyl Alcohol, 75%, 1min+
10% chlorine bleach solution
Cleaning procedures.
These recommendations are based on the CDC’s strategy to reuse PPE - https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/ppe-strategy/eye-protection.html
While wearing gloves, carefully wipe the inside, followed by the outside of the face shield or goggles using a clean cloth saturated with neutral detergent solution or cleaner wipe.
Carefully wipe the outside of the face shield or goggles using a wipe or clean cloth saturated with EPA-registered hospital disinfectant solution.
Wipe the outside of the face shield or goggles with clean water or alcohol to remove residue.
Fully dry (air dry or use clean absorbent towels).
Remove gloves and perform hand hygiene.
Labels and Warnings
Appropriate Use Criteria
This supplementary face shield was created as an emergency action in effort to protect people by providing backup Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) options if the standard PPE has become unavailable. This device has not gone through the same regulatory approval process as standard PPE but has gone through a special verification process expedited strictly for the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The use of this supplementary face shield should always come secondary to existing PPE equipment, standards, and protocol options if available. The decision to implement this device should be made with careful consideration and under the consultation of the corresponding institution’s occupational health and infection control departments.
The information included in this document provides a best-effort protocol to minimize the risk of viral transmission during assembly and delivery, as well as produce face shields whose quality is as consistent as possible.
LEGAL DISCLAIMER
THIS FACE SHIELD DESIGN AND SPECIFICATIONS (THE “DESIGN”) IS PROVIDED “AS IS” AND BRIGHAM AND WOMEN’S HOSPITAL, INCLUDING ANY AND ALL OF ITS AFFILIATED INSTITUTIONS (“BWH”), IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR ENSURING THAT ONE’S USE OF THE DESIGN WILL BE CLINICALLY SOUND, WITHOUT ERROR, OR OTHERWISE SUCCESSFUL. THE DESIGN HAS NOT BEEN TESTED OR APPROVED FOR USE IN A HEALTHCARE SETTING AND THE DESIGN IS NOT APPROVED BY ANY REGULATORY BODY. IF YOU CHOOSE TO USE THE DESIGN, YOU ASSUME ALL RISK AND BEAR ALL RESPONSIBILITY AND LIABILITY, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY FEDERAL, STATE OR OTHER APPLICABLE REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS THAT APPLY TO THE MANUFACTURE, DISTRIBUTION, AND USE OF FACE SHIELDS. BWH SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
Materials in Direct Contact with Skin
The headband, the foam pad, and the hook and loop strap will be in direct contact with the user’s skin.
Headband material(s): Material selection will be subject to availability at each printing location. Polylactic Acid (PLA) is recommended as it is widely available, PETG or ABS can be used as a replacement
Hook and loop strap material(s): Polyethylene hook and nylon loop
Foam pad Materials(s): EVA
Warnings:
This face shield helps protect against liquid splashes but does not eliminate exposure to or the risk of contracting any disease or infection. Misuse may result in sickness or death. In instances where aerosolization of body fluids of infectious individuals is likely to occur, this face shield should be used in conjunction with a respirator (e.g N95 FFR, at minimum). For proper use, see the attached documentation.
Do not use near flame or intense heat
Not tested to ANSI Standards
This PRODUCT has not been FDA cleared or approved; Use only when other FDA cleared PRODUCTS are not available.
This PRODUCT is authorized for distribution under FDA enforcement discretion only for the duration of the declaration that circumstances exist justifying the authorization of the emergency use of PRODUCTS under section 564(b)(1) of the Act, 21 U.S.C. § 360bbb-3(b)(1), unless the authorization is terminated or revoked sooner.
Face-shield label
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